Colorectal Cancer Frequently Asked Questions

Precision medicine is the process of creating a personalized colorectal cancer treatment plan based on the tumor’s molecular makeup. Biomarker testing is performed to evaluate the tumor for specific molecular changes that can be treated with a targeted therapy or immunotherapy. These drugs are designed to counteract a genetic mutation or protein overgrowth. If no biomarkers are found in the tumor, your oncologist will recommend other treatment options. Read our blog to learn more about how biomarker testing impacts colorectal cancer treatment.

Colorectal cancer often starts as a polyp, an abnormal growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are harmless, some can eventually develop into cancer over time. Learn more about the cause of colon polyps.

If colorectal cancer spreads, or metastasizes, beyond the colon or rectum, it most commonly affects the liver and the lungs. It can also spread to the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum), bones, or, less frequently, the brain. Where the cancer spreads can influence both symptoms and treatment decisions. In cases where the tumor is large or has spread outside of the colon at the time of diagnosis, surgery may not be an option right away, but other treatments may be used to shrink the cancer.

Most colorectal cancers are not inherited. Only about 5-10% of cases are linked to hereditary conditions such as Lynch syndrome (also called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or HNPCC) or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Learn more about the genetics of colorectal cancer.

However, having a strong family history of colorectal cancer or related cancers, such as endometrial, ovarian, or stomach cancer, can significantly increase your risk. Other colorectal cancer risk factors, including non-inherited (somatic) genetic changes, certain pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcerative colitis, and lifestyle choices, may also contribute.

Our genetic counselors can explain your risk for hereditary colon cancer, helping you make informed choices about your health. Learn about the Genetic Risk Evaluation & Testing Program at Compass Oncology. Early and regular screening is especially important for individuals with a family history.

Learn more in our blog: What are Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors and Who is at Risk?

Side effects vary depending on the treatments included in your personalized treatment plan and how your body responds. Common side effects of colorectal cancer treatment may include fatigue, nausea and vomiting, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet (neuropathy), and changes in appetite or taste. Some chemotherapy regimens, such as FOLFOX, may cause increased sensitivity to cold or heat, particularly in the hands and feet, leading to a condition called neuropathy. Our supportive care team will help you prepare for and manage the side effects of colorectal cancer treatment. Be sure to talk about how you’re feeling with your oncology team.

Learn more about common cancer treatment side effects and how to manage them.

Hair loss is not common with FOLFOX chemotherapy, which is frequently used to treat colorectal cancer. Some patients may experience thinning hair, but complete hair loss is uncommon. If hair thinning does occur, it’s usually temporary, and hair typically grows back after treatment ends. If you notice any side effects, including changes to your hair, talk to your oncology nurse, advanced practice provider, or oncologist. They can often offer supportive options. To learn more about the possible side effects of FOLFOX, read our blog.

Clinical trials provide access to new and emerging treatments for colon and rectal cancer that are not yet widely available. Many current trials for colon and rectal cancers focus on targeted therapies based on specific genetic changes. Compass Oncology participates in colorectal cancer clinical trials through a partnership with Sarah Cannon Research Institute (SCRI). Our oncologists and clinical research team work closely with patients to determine whether a study may be a good fit. While not every patient is an ideal candidate for a clinical trial, your oncologist can review available options and discuss whether a trial is suitable for you.

Compass Oncology offers patients the benefit of decades of experience delivering high-quality cancer care in the Portland, Oregon, and Vancouver, Washington area. Our board-certified colorectal cancer specialists use the most advanced technologies and treatments available. Colorectal cancer care is led by a medical oncologist who works with a surgeon and radiation oncologist to develop the best treatment plan for each patient. This team-based approach ensures you receive comprehensive, compassionate care close to home. Meet the colorectal cancer team at Compass Oncology.

Compass Oncology’s patient benefits representatives will review your insurance coverage and meet with you to explain what services are covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may expect. Receiving care at an independent oncology practice like Compass Oncology often results in lower overall costs compared to hospital outpatient departments. According to the Community Oncology Alliance, cancer treatment can cost up to 50% less in an independent cancer center compared to a hospital-based setting.

Lower costs do not mean lower quality. We provide advanced technologies, personalized treatment plans, and the same quality of care as hospital-affiliated oncology departments, while helping patients manage the financial impact of treatment.